Ama-tunnel rigs: Ukuvula amandla ezinhlelo zokuhamba ezingaphansi komhlaba
Ukusetshenziswa kwemigudu njengendlela yokuthutha sekungamakhulu eminyaka kukhona.Kusukela emiseleni yasendulo yamaRoma ukuya emigwaqweni yesimanje nojantshi, imigudu ibilokhu iyindlela ephumelelayo yokunqamula izintaba, imifula nemithombo yamanzi.Njengohlobo lwemishini yomhubhe ethuthukisiwe, i-drilling rig ivule isahluko esisha ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezokuthutha olungaphansi komhlaba.
Imishini eyisicefe iyimishini esindayo esetshenziselwa ukumba imigudu.Kungumshini oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu onamagiya amaningi, izintambo, amakhanda okusika nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.Le mishini yayibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokuhamba ngaphansi komhlaba njengoba yayikwazi ukungena edwaleni, enhlabathini nakwezinye izinto eziqinile ukuze imbe imigudu yawo wonke amasayizi.
Ukwakhiwa komhubhe kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, ngasinye sidinga ulwazi olukhethekile nezinto zokusebenza.Isinyathelo sokuqala sasihilela ukuklanywa komhubhe kanye nokumbiwa komhubhe womshayeli kusetshenziswa imishini eyisicefe.Uma umhubhe wokuhlola usuqediwe, kuzosetshenziswa amathuluzi namasu anhlobonhlobo ukuze kwandiswe futhi kuqiniswe umhubhe, okuhlanganisa ukubhoboza, ukuqhumisa nokusebenzisa izakhiwo zokusekela njengamahange namabhawodi.
Imishini eyisicefe yomhubhe iza ngezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukene, kuye ngohlobo lwephrojekthi.Imigudu yokuphakelwa kwamanzi nokuhlanza idinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yomhubhe kunemihubhe eklanyelwe ukuthutha.Imishini yesimanje yokumba isebenzisa inhlanganisela yabasiki abazungezayo, ama-hydraulic systems, nezimiso ze-computer ukuze imbe imigudu ngokucophelela nangempumelelo.
Ukudonsa umhubhe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuthutha ezingaphansi komhlaba ngoba kuvumela abantu nezimpahla ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha zisuka endaweni eyodwa ziye kwenye kuyilapho zihlala endaweni encane kunezindlela zokuthutha zendabuko ezifana nemigwaqo nojantshi.Izinhlelo zokuthutha ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ziyindlela enhle yokunciphisa isiminyaminya sezimoto, ukuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Imishini yokumba idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.Isibonelo, i-Channel Tunnel, umhubhe wesitimela wesivinini esikhulu oxhuma i-UK ne-France, wakhiwe kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bomhubhe kanye nemishini yokumba.Umhubhe waqedwa ngo-1994 futhi usuyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yezokuthutha yaseYurophu.
Esinye isibonelo sokudonsa kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokumba iGotthard Base Tunnel eSwitzerland.Njengoba ungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-57 ubude, lo mhubhe uwumhubhe wesitimela omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni futhi waqedwa ngo-2016. Umhubhe usebenzisa amasu amaningana omhubhe, okuhlanganisa nezinsimbi zokumba, ukuze unciphise kakhulu izikhathi zokuhamba phakathi kwenyakatho neningizimu yeSwitzerland.
Imishini yokumba nayo ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemisele yamanzi kanye nemisele yokukhipha amanzi.Lezi zinhlobo zemigudu zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu abasezindaweni ezikude bayawathola amanzi kanye nokuphatha imithombo yamanzi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.Ukwakhiwa kwala mahubhe kudinga ubuchwepheshe nemishini, futhi imishini yokumba ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yale nqubo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokumba kuye kwavula amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuthutha ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba.Ngokukhula kokukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kwemvelo, izinhlelo zezokuthutha ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba seziyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto kanye nesisi esikhishwayo.Izinsimbi zokumba ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwakha, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okuqhubekayo nokucwengwa kubalulekile empumelelweni yale miklamo.
Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokumba ukuze kumbiwe imigudu kuvula amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuthutha ezingaphansi komhlaba.Le mishini ibalulekile ekwakheni ezokuthutha, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nemigudu yokulahla imfucuza.Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthuka kwale mishini kuzoba semqoka kakhulu empumelelweni yemiklamo yesikhathi esizayo okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-06-2023
