Imisebenzi yezimayini ibhekisela emisebenzini eyahlukene yezimayini kanye nokukhiqiza eyenziwa ezimayini noma ezindaweni zokumba.Imisebenzi yezimayini ihlanganisa zonke izici zokuhlola imayini, ukuthuthukiswa, ukumba, ukucutshungulwa, ukuthuthwa, njll., okuhloswe ngayo ukuguqula insimbi engaphansi noma engaphezulu, isihlabathi sensimbi noma amaminerali kube imikhiqizo yezimbiwa ewusizo.
Inqubo yokusebenza kwezimayini ivamise ukubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlola: Ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokuhlola indawo, thola izimo zokuma komhlaba zezimayini, yahlulela izimbiwa ezingaba khona kanye nezindawo ezigciniwe, bese usungula amasu okumba aphusile.
Ukwelapha Ngaphambili: Kubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokuhlola umhlaba, ukuhlaziya amasampula kanye nokuhlola ukuze kuqondwe uhlobo nekhwalithi yensimbi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngedatha edingekayo nolwazi lokumbiwa nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa: Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlola, khetha izindlela ezifanele zokumba kanye nempahla yezimayini, futhi wenze ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezimayini, njengemigwaqo, imigudu, izimayini, izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, njll., ukuze ulungiselele imisebenzi elandelayo yokumba.
Ezezimayini: Ngokohlelo lwentuthuko, sebenzisa impahla efanele yezimayini kanye nobuchwepheshe ukumba nokuthutha insimbi.Izindlela zokumba zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: izimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezimayini zemigodi evulekile.Izindlela eziqondile zihlanganisa
1. Ukumba izimayini ngaphansi komhlaba kubhekise endleleni yezimayini lapho insimbi engaphansi komhlaba itholakala ngokumba izimayini ngaphansi komhlaba.Insimbi igcinwa kuma-ganges nasemithanjeni embiwe ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi abavukuzi bakhipha insimbi emhlabathini ngokungena ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze kubhojwe, ukuqhunyiswa, umhubhe nokunye ukusebenza.Isici esiyinhloko sezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuthi idinga ukusebenza endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, edinga izidingo eziphakeme zokuphepha ezimayini kanye nemishini ehlobene, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idinga ukuxazulula ukugeleza kwamanzi, umoya omncane, ukuphepha nezinye izinkinga.
2. I-Surface planing iyindlela yokumba insimbi phezu komhlaba.Le ndlela ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho izinqolobane zensimbi zinkulu, zisakazwa kabanzi, futhi imibhede yensimbi ingashoni.Ekuhleleni komhlaba, insimbi itholakala edwaleni noma enhlabathini ngaphezulu, futhi inqubo yezimayini iwukukhipha insimbi edwaleni noma enhlabathini ngokuhlela ngomshini noma ngokuqhumisa.Inzuzo yale ndlela ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi yenziwa phezulu, izinkinga ezinjengokusebenza komhlaba nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kufanele kubhekwane nazo.
3. Ukuqhuma kwemigodi evulekile kuyindlela yokuchoboza nokuhlukanisa insimbi kusetshenziswa iziqhumane ezimayini zemigodi evulekile.Insimbi ihlukaniswa nedwala ngokuqhunyiswa kwemisebenzi yokumbiwa nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo.Inqubo yokuqhuma komoya ovulekile ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izixhumanisi eziningi ezifana nokukhetha iziqhumane ezifanele, ukuhlela amafuze, ukulawula amandla okuqhuma, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuqhuma.Le ndlela inezici zokusebenza kahle kokuchotshozwa kwe-ore kanye nezinzuzo ezinhle zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi idinga ukuqinisa izinyathelo zokuqapha nokuphepha kwenqubo yokuqhuma ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.
Nakuba izimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuhlela phezu komhlaba kanye nokuqhunyiswa komhlaba kuyizindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokumba, zonke zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi.Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ngokwezimo ze-geological, izindawo ezigciniwe, izinzuzo zezomnotho, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izici ze-ore, indlela yezimayini efaneleke kakhulu ikhethwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimbiwa.
Ukucutshungulwa: Ukuchotshozwa, ukugaywa, kanye nokuzuza kwenziwa etsheni elimbiwayo ukuze kukhishwe izinsimbi eziwusizo, amaminerali noma insimbi, ukususa ukungcola, futhi kutholwe imikhiqizo yamaminerali esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ezokuthutha: Ukuthutha imikhiqizo yamaminerali egayiwe iye ezindaweni ezicutshungulwayo, abasebenzisi bokugcina noma ukuthumela ngaphandle ngezinto zokuthutha (njengamabhande okuthutha, izitimela, amaloli, njll.).
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphepha: Ukusebenza kwezimayini kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho efanele yokuvikela imvelo kanye namazinga okuphepha, kuthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nempilo yabasebenzi.
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwemayini kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezixhumanisi eziningi, ehlanganisa ulwazi nobuchwepheshe emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-geology, ubunjiniyela, imishini, imvelo, njll. Ihlose ukuqaphela ukumbiwa okuphumelelayo nokucutshungulwa kwemithombo yezimbiwa kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yezimbiwa edingekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-30-2023
