Indawo nobude bomhubhe kukhethwa ngokusekelwe kumazinga womzila, isimo sezwe, izimo zegeological, nezinye izici.Izinketho eziningi kufanele ziqhathaniswe ekukhethweni komzila.Ukuhlelwa kwemigudu yokusiza kanye nokungena komoya okusebenzayo kufanele kucatshangelwe amahubhe amade.Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokungena kufanele kusekelwe ezimweni ze-geological.Cabangela ukuzinza kwemithambeka nemithambeka ekhuphukayo ukuze ugweme ukuwa.
Umthambeko welongitudinal wedizayini yesigaba selongitudinal eduze komugqa omaphakathi womhubhe kufanele uhambisane nomkhawulo wethambeka lomklamo womugqa.Ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu ngaphakathi komhubhe, i-coefficient yokunamathela phakathi kwesondo nesitimela iyancipha, futhi ukumelana komoya kwesitimela kuyanda.Ngakho-ke, i-longitudinal slope kufanele incishiswe emigudu emide.Ukuma komthambeka we-longitudinal ngokuvamile kuwumthambeka owodwa kanye ne-herringbone slope.I-slope eyodwa iyasiza ekufinyeleleni ukuphakama, kuyilapho i-herringbone slope ilungele ukwakhiwa kwe-drainage kanye nokususwa kwemfucumfucu.Ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwamanzi, umthamo omncane we-longitudinal ngokuvamile u-2 ‰ kuya ku-3 ‰.
Idizayini enqamula izingxenye zomhubhe isho i-contour yangaphakathi yolwelwesi, eyakhiwe ngokusekelwe emingceleni yesakhiwo somhubhe esingahlaseli.Ukuvunyelwa kokwakhiwa kwemigudu yamaShayina ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: isigaba sokudonsa sesitimela sika-steam ne-diesel kanye nesigaba sokudonsa sesitimela sikagesi, ngasinye esiphinde sihlukaniswe sibe isigaba somugqa owodwa kanye nesigaba semigqa emibili.I-contour yangaphakathi yolwelwesi ngokuvamile yakhiwe ngamakhothamo akhiwe yindilinga eyodwa noma emithathu emaphakathi nezindonga eziqondile noma ezigobile.Engeza i-arch eyengeziwe endaweni ethambile ye-geological.Indawo engaphakathi yekhonta ngaphezu kwendawo yethrekhi yomhubhe wethrekhi eyodwa icishe ibe ngamamitha-skwele angama-27-32, kanti leyo ye-double track tunnel ilinganiselwa ku-58-67 square metres.Ezigabeni ezigobile, ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuthambekela kwezimoto eziphakeme kakhulu zethrekhi yangaphandle, ingxenye ephambanayo kufanele inwetshwe ngokufanelekile.Ukuphakama kwekhonta engaphakathi yamahubhe kaloliwe afakwe ugesi kufanele kukhuliswe ngenxa yokumiswa kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana nezinye izici.Ubukhulu bekhonta esetshenziswa eShayina, e-United States, naseSoviet Union yilezi: umhubhe wethrekhi eyodwa onobude obucishe bube ngamamitha angu-6.6-7.0 nobubanzi obucishe bube ngamamitha angu-4.9-5.6;Ukuphakama komhubhe we-double track kungamamitha angama-7.2-8.0, futhi ububanzi bungamamitha ayi-8.8-10.6.Uma wakha amathaneli amabili ethrekhi eyodwa kumzila wesitimela ohamba kabili, ibanga eliphakathi kwamathrekhi kufanele licabangele umthelela wokusabalalisa ingcindezi ye-geological.Umhubhe wamatshe ungamamitha angama-20-25 ubude, futhi umhubhe wenhlabathi kufanele unwetshwe ngokufanelekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zamahubhe asizayo ekwakhiweni kwamathaneli asizayo: imihubhe ethambekile, imihubhe eqondile, imihubhe yokushayela ehambisanayo, nemihubhe ephambanayo.Umhume othambekile umhubhe ombiwa endaweni ekahle entabeni eduze komugqa omaphakathi futhi uthambekele ngasemhubheni omkhulu.I-engeli yokuthamba ye-shaft ethambekele ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-18 ° no-27 °, futhi iphakanyiswa ngewintshi.Ingxenye ephambanayo ye-shaft ethambekele ngokuvamile inonxande, nendawo ecishe ibe ngamamitha-skwele ayi-8-14.Umhubhe ome mpo umhubhe ombiwe uqonde phezulu eduze nendawo emaphakathi nesiqongo sentaba, oholela emhubheni omkhulu.Indawo yayo yendiza ingaba senkabeni yesitimela noma ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-centerline (cishe amamitha angu-20 ukusuka ku-centerline).I-cross-section ye-shaft eqondile ngokuvamile iyindilinga, enobubanzi obungaphakathi obungamamitha angu-4.5-6.0.Amahubhe omshayeli ahambisanayo amahubhe amancane ahambisanayo ambiwe amamitha angu-17-25 ukusuka enkabeni yomhubhe, axhunywe emhubheni ngokusebenzisa imigudu etshekile, futhi angasetshenziswa njengemigudu yokushayela yokunwetshwa okuzayo emgqeni wesibili.Kusukela kwakhiwa Umhubhe Wesitimela i-Liangfengya ku-Sichuan Guizhou Railway ngo-1957 eShayina, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 emigudu engama-58 ubude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu ubude akhiwe ngemihubhe yokuhlola ehambisanayo.I-Hengdong iwumhubhe oyingxenye encane evulwe endaweni ekahle ngasohlangothini lwesigodi eduze komhubhe wezintaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo womhubhe uhlanganisa nokuklama komnyango, izindlela zokumba, nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ze-lining.
WhatsApp: +86-13201832718
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2024
