Kusukela kwakhiwa ithrekhi eyodwa yamamitha angu-770 iTaylor Hillumhubhekanye nomhubhe wamamitha angu-2474 we-Victoria double track ujantshi wesitimela othuthwayo eBrithani ngo-1826, kwakhiwa imihubhe eminingi kaloliwe emazweni anjengeBrithani, i-United States, neFrance.Ngekhulu le-19, kwakhiwe imigudu yesitimela eyi-11 enobude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-5, okuhlanganisa nemigudu emi-3 enobude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10.Phakathi kwazo, omude kunawo wonke umhubhe wesitimela iSaint Gotha eSwitzerland, ongamamitha angu-14998 ubude.I-Galera Railway Tunnel ePeru, eyavulwa ngo-1892, inokuphakama okungamamitha angu-4782 futhi okwamanje iwumhubhe wesitimela osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.Njengamanje, i-Fenghuo Tunnel ku-Qinghai Tibet Railway e-China iwumhubhe wesitimela wethrekhi eyodwa ophakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni endaweni ephakeme.Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1860s, amathaneli akhiwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokumba nezindlela zokuqhumisa impushana emnyama.Ngo-1861, ngesikhathi kwakhiwa umhubhe wesitimela iSinis Peak onqamula izintaba ze-Alps, umshini wokubhola we-pneumatic rock waqale wasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokumba ngezandla.Ngo-1867, lapho kwakhiwa iHussac Railway Tunnel e-United States, kwasetshenziswa iziqhumane ze-nitroglycerin esikhundleni sesibhamu esimnyama, esathuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ubuchwepheshe bokwakha umhubhe kanye nesivinini.
Umhubhe weShiqiuling, owakhiwa yiShayina kusukela ngo-1887 kuya ku-1889 kumzila wesitimela omncane osuka eTaipei uya e-Keelung esifundazweni saseTaiwan, wawuwumhubhe wokuqala wesitimela eShayina, ubude bamamitha angu-261.Ngemva kwalokho, eminye imihubhe yakhiwa kojantshi besitimela njengeBeijing Han, Middle East, neZhengtai.Imigudu emine eyakhiwe engxenyeni yase-Guangou ku-Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway yayiyiqoqo lokuqala lamahubhu wesitimela akhiwe kusetshenziswa amandla ezobuchwepheshe e-China.Umhubhe omude kakhulu we-Badaling Railway Tunnel ungamamitha angu-1091 ubude futhi waqedwa ngo-1908. Ngaphambi kuka-1950, iShayina yayisakha imizila yezitimela ye-standard gauge engu-238 kuphela, enokwelulwa okuphelele ngamakhilomitha angu-89.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, inani lokwakhiwa komhubhe liye landa kakhulu.Phakathi kuka-1950 no-1984, kwakhiwa imigudu engu-4247 ye-standard gauge gauge, yanwetshwa ngokuphelele ngamakhilomitha angu-2014.5, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamazwe anemigudu yezitimela eminingi emhlabeni.Inani lamathaneli esitimela ajwayelekile aseShayina akhiwayo aboniswa kuThebula 1 [Inani lamathaneli esitimela ajwayelekile aseShayina akhiwe].Ngaphezu kwalokho, iShayina yakhe imizila yezitimela emincane engu-191, enokwelulwa okuphelele ngamakhilomitha angama-23.Kusukela ngo-1984, iShayina yayenze isamba semihubhe eyi-10 enobude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-5 (Ithebula 2 [Imihubhe Yesitimela enobude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-5 eShayina]), omude kunayo yonke i-Yimaling Railway Tunnel ye-Jingyuan Railway, okungamamitha angu-7032 ubude.I-Dayao Mountains track track ephindwe kabili yengxenye ye-Hengshao ku-Beijing Guangzhou Railway, 14.3km ubude, iyakhiwa.Umhubhe wesitimela ophakeme kunawo wonke eChina iGuanjiao Railway Tunnel on the Qinghai Tibet Railway, onobude obungamamitha angu-4010 nokuphakama okungamamitha angu-3690.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2024
